萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)與習(xí)俗
10月31日為萬(wàn)圣節(jié),但是小伙伴們,你們知道萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)與習(xí)俗嗎?我們不妨去了解一下詳細(xì)的情況吧!
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)
Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜是在10月31日慶祝的一個(gè)節(jié)日,根據(jù)傳統(tǒng),萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜的慶祝活動(dòng)從太陽(yáng)落山開(kāi)始。在很久以前,人們相信在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜女巫會(huì)聚集在一起,鬼魂在四處游蕩,F(xiàn)在,大多數(shù)人們不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了,但是他們?nèi)匀话堰@些作為萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜的一部分。
The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.
黑色和橙色仍然是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜的一部分,黑色是夜晚的象征,而橙色代表著南瓜。南瓜燈是用雕刻成臉型,中間挖空,再插上蠟燭的南瓜做成的,帶來(lái)一個(gè)毛骨悚然的灼熱面孔。
Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.
盛裝是最受歡迎的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)風(fēng)俗之一,尤其是受孩子們的歡迎。按照傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗,人們會(huì)盛裝(穿戴一些特殊的服飾,面具或者裝飾)來(lái)嚇跑鬼魂。
Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).
流行的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)服裝包括vampires(吸血鬼),ghosts(死者的靈魂)和werewolves(每當(dāng)月圓時(shí)就變成狼形的人)。
Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they don't get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.
欺騙或攻擊是現(xiàn)代萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的風(fēng)俗。孩子們穿著特殊的衣服走街串巷,討取糖果和玩具之類的賞賜。如果他們得不到任何的賞賜,就可能會(huì)對(duì)屋主大搞惡作劇或者胡鬧了。
The tradition of the Jack o' Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o' Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.
南瓜燈的傳統(tǒng)來(lái)自于一個(gè)民間傳說(shuō)。一個(gè)名叫Jack的人戲弄了惡魔,之后就不得不提著一盞燈在地球上流浪。南瓜燈是用雕刻成臉型,中間挖空,再插上蠟燭的南瓜做成的。
There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!
和萬(wàn)圣節(jié)有關(guān)的迷信還有很多。迷信是一種不合常理的想法,比如認(rèn)為13是不吉利的數(shù)字!
Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They don't really exist... or do they?
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)還和一些諸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之類的超自然的生物有關(guān)。這些生物不是自然界的一部分。他們實(shí)際上是不存在的......或許他們其實(shí)真的存在?
Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.
女巫是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)很受歡迎的人物,人們認(rèn)為她們具有強(qiáng)大的魔力。他們通常戴著尖頂?shù)拿弊,騎在掃把上飛來(lái)飛去。
Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.
惡兆也是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)的一部分。人們相信惡兆會(huì)帶給壞運(yùn)氣,黑貓、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是惡兆。
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的習(xí)俗
象徵物南瓜燈
萬(wàn)圣夜的象徵物是南瓜燈,所以南瓜派也是萬(wàn)圣夜的節(jié)慶食品,特別是在美國(guó)。 南瓜燈原本不是南瓜燈而是蕪菁燈,據(jù)說(shuō)是有一個(gè)叫杰克的愛(ài)爾蘭人,因?yàn)閷?duì)錢特別吝嗇,死后不讓他進(jìn)入天堂,而是被打入地獄。據(jù)說(shuō)愛(ài)整人的杰克有一天和撒旦去酒吧喝酒,因?yàn)閮蓚(gè)人喝完后沒(méi)錢付帳,他就要撒旦變成六便士的'硬幣來(lái)付帳,但杰克并沒(méi)有拿它來(lái)付錢,反而用符咒鎮(zhèn)住撒旦,撒旦哀求杰克放走它,杰克說(shuō)只要撒旦一整年不嚇?biāo)头潘鰜?lái),撒旦答應(yīng)了,第二年的萬(wàn)圣節(jié),撒旦又答應(yīng)來(lái)年不會(huì)來(lái)騷擾杰克,但是這一年還沒(méi)過(guò)完杰克就死了,天堂覺(jué)得他不夠資格叫好人,拒絕收他,於是他來(lái)到了地獄,可是撒旦已經(jīng)答應(yīng)不騷擾他了,無(wú)處可去的杰克堅(jiān)持不肯離去,而且路實(shí)在是太黑了。於是撒旦就丟給他一塊燒著的炭,他把柴火放在一個(gè)挖空的蕪菁里,好讓這支即將熄滅的火光能夠燃燒久一點(diǎn),這就是「杰克的燈籠」Jack-O'-Lantern。愛(ài)爾蘭人將這個(gè)習(xí)俗帶到美國(guó)之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)盛產(chǎn)的南瓜比蕪菁更好用,因此杰克的燈籠就改成用南瓜來(lái)做了。
南瓜派
南瓜派是美國(guó)南方的深秋到初冬的傳統(tǒng)家常點(diǎn)心,平常就有在吃,特別在萬(wàn)圣夜的前后,成為一種應(yīng)景的食物。另外烘干的南瓜子也是常被當(dāng)做萬(wàn)圣夜的食品。
糖蘋(píng)果
由於萬(wàn)圣夜臨近蘋(píng)果的豐收期,焦糖蘋(píng)果(caramel apple、toffee apples)成為應(yīng)節(jié)食品。做法是把蘋(píng)果從果蒂部直插入竹簽,然后手持竹簽把蘋(píng)果浸在糖漿中沾上一層糖衣,有時(shí)再黏上果仁、棉花糖、小餅乾、爆米花等,有時(shí)會(huì)添加一些肉桂粉,成為精巧的零食,有時(shí)也會(huì)浸入巧克力來(lái)做,外頭再黏上彩色的巧克力米。蘋(píng)果的酸甜和外頭的糖衣很配,小孩子特愛(ài)!焦糖蘋(píng)果從萬(wàn)圣節(jié)到圣誕節(jié)都算是節(jié)慶食品,在全美流行。
彩色糖果
和蘋(píng)果有關(guān)的還有一個(gè)熱蘋(píng)果西打,西打cider就是蘋(píng)果汁或蘋(píng)果酒,這種飲料是用蘋(píng)果酒加熱再加入肉桂、丁香、糖熬煮而成,酒精在加熱時(shí)已經(jīng)揮發(fā)得差不多了。這種飲料在歐美的冬天都很盛行,一路喝過(guò)圣誕節(jié)到春天,熱紅酒也常常在這個(gè)時(shí)候喝,做法頗為類似,就是把蘋(píng)果酒換成紅酒。 萬(wàn)圣夜晚上小孩子和青少年都會(huì)化妝成鬼怪沿街要糖果,因此各種糖果也算是應(yīng)景食品的一種,這時(shí)候商店里賣的糖果較受歡迎的是各種鬼怪造型的糖、和以萬(wàn)圣夜常見(jiàn)的橘色、棕色或黑色為包裝的糖。