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四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析2017
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement―jobs, research papers, awards―was viewed through the lens of gender (性別) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對(duì)于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important.(B)
63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.
A) the very fact that she is a woman
B) her involvement in gender politics
C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society(A)
64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.(C)
65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.
C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D) More female students are pursuing science than before.(D)
66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.(C)
解析
這是一篇與性別歧視有關(guān)的文章，講的是女性應(yīng)該如何面對(duì)性別歧視的問(wèn)題。作者以第一人稱的形式，以親身的經(jīng)歷來(lái)說(shuō)明女性在面對(duì)性別歧視時(shí)應(yīng)該采取不屑一顧的態(tài)度。
全文一共四個(gè)大段，開篇為I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again，以“again”一詞造成懸疑，引起讀者對(duì)原因的探究，而后整個(gè)第一段敘述了相對(duì)于這一again的上一次作者面對(duì)性別問(wèn)題時(shí)的態(tài)度;并解釋了原因是興趣不在于此(I never found them interesting)。
第二段開始初步為“again”釋疑，敘述了作者從最初對(duì)性別問(wèn)題的超然態(tài)度(it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極捍衛(wèi)女性利益態(tài)度(I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind)的過(guò)程。
第三段進(jìn)一步為“again”釋疑，敘述作者重又悟出應(yīng)回歸超然態(tài)度的心理經(jīng)歷。從Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory這一問(wèn)一答可以看出，雖然多年過(guò)去，但作者用以對(duì)付性別問(wèn)題這一心理重?fù)?dān)的利器依然是興趣(don’t study sociology or political theory)。
最后一段敘述了作者重歸超然態(tài)度后如何教導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確地面對(duì)性別問(wèn)題。在有些學(xué)生因性別問(wèn)題(如何在科學(xué)研究和生兒育女間的愿望之間做出選擇)而憂慮時(shí)，作者以身言教(heavily pregnant doing physics experiments)，告訴學(xué)生們應(yīng)該忘記性別問(wèn)題。作者的表率起了作用，像她們的老師一樣，學(xué)生們把精力完全放在了興趣上面(45 women driven by a love of science)。
文章的內(nèi)容雖然涉及了社會(huì)問(wèn)題，但切入角度是主觀第一人稱，語(yǔ)言修辭上更為接近散文(essay)的風(fēng)格，所以相對(duì)于議論文、說(shuō)明文較容易理解。
62. B
題目問(wèn)作者為什么不想再一次談?wù)撟鳛橐粋�(gè)女科學(xué)家的感受。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思是：
A，工作在一個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域里讓她感到不快樂(lè)。
B，她對(duì)性別歧視問(wèn)題感到厭倦了。
C，她不善于講述此類故事。
D，她發(fā)現(xiàn)太空研究更為重要。
文章第一段就講述了作者不愿再評(píng)論自己作為女科學(xué)家的事實(shí)。這一段的意思是這樣的：
我不想再一次談?wù)撐易鳛榕钥茖W(xué)家的事情。在我的人生中，有那么一段時(shí)間，人們總是問(wèn)我，在一個(gè)被男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域中工作都會(huì)發(fā)生什么故事。我從來(lái)都不善于 給他們講述那些故事，因?yàn)�，說(shuō)真的，我覺得那些故事一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。讓我覺得有意思的是宇宙的起源，時(shí)空的形狀，和黑洞的本質(zhì)。
結(jié)合全文來(lái)看，第二段敘述作者曾經(jīng)陷入女性主義的熾熱情緒當(dāng)中，而后作者用了10年時(shí)間回歸了對(duì)性別問(wèn)題的超然態(tài)度(It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19)，這也是題目中使用again的原因。既然使用了again，就已經(jīng)表明作者以前曾經(jīng)為這種問(wèn)題煩擾過(guò)。
C和D都是第一段直接出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，C照應(yīng)I was never very good at telling those stories，而D照應(yīng)What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe。但二者都應(yīng)該不是作者想要表達(dá)的真實(shí)意思，因?yàn)椴簧朴谥v故事這類說(shuō)法顯然是作者的托辭，而發(fā)現(xiàn)太空研究重要肯定是早已發(fā)現(xiàn)，而不是現(xiàn)在 才發(fā)現(xiàn)的，也是作者的托辭而已。
第二段最后一句：I don’t study sociology or political theory，“我不是研究社會(huì)學(xué)或者政治理論的”，體現(xiàn)出作者把性別問(wèn)題歸于學(xué)術(shù)或政治問(wèn)題，但同時(shí)也表達(dá)了一種反諷的態(tài)度，暗含作者的不滿與無(wú)奈，潛 臺(tái)詞是：“這種問(wèn)題你去問(wèn)他們，別來(lái)煩我。”
結(jié)合以上因素，判斷本題應(yīng)該選擇B。
63. A
題目問(wèn)從第二段可以推斷出人們把作者的失敗歸于什么。
A，她是一個(gè)女人的事實(shí)。
B，她參與了性別政治。
C，她作為女天體物理學(xué)家的過(guò)于自信。
D，在男性主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)中她身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)。
第二段講的是作者對(duì)性別問(wèn)題的態(tài)度由不在乎轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崆殛P(guān)注的過(guò)程。19歲時(shí)完全超脫(it did not bother me in the least)，麻省理工求學(xué)及之后研究時(shí)開始受到干擾(the issue started to bother me)，這種干擾就是作者所有的成就：工作、研究論文、獲獎(jiǎng)，都受到性別偏見這副有色眼鏡的過(guò)濾(viewed through the lens of gender politics)，而后作者寫了一句So were my failures，so在這里是代指，指代viewed through the lens of gender politics，即my failures were also viewed through the lens of gender politics，意思就是人們是從性別政治的角度看待她的失敗，也就是認(rèn)為她的失敗是由性別偏見引起的。這樣的話，符合這個(gè)意思的只有A。
B所說(shuō)的她參與了性別政治是個(gè)迷惑選項(xiàng)。參與性別政治是指為女性利益奔走呼號(hào)，第二段末尾也確實(shí)提到了作者的女性主義熱情，但這是性別歧視發(fā)生之后才可以進(jìn)行 的，否則，如果沒有發(fā)生歧視，奮力捍衛(wèi)女性的利益的緣由就不存在了。而作者的失敗，如果是因性別問(wèn)題而起的話，則是早于失敗之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生作用了。因此從邏輯上講，作者自己的失敗應(yīng)該是先于參與捍衛(wèi)女性利益發(fā)生的，后者不可能成為前者發(fā)生的原因。
64. C
題目問(wèn)作者在攻讀哲學(xué)博士和進(jìn)行博士后研究時(shí)要同什么進(jìn)行不斷地斗爭(zhēng)。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A說(shuō)是缺少在太空科學(xué)領(lǐng)域成功的信心。文章提到了作者失去信心的問(wèn)題，It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19，但這個(gè)信心是作者在面對(duì)世人對(duì)女性偏見時(shí)有信心不予理睬，而不是科研領(lǐng)域的信心。
B說(shuō)是來(lái)自她的圈內(nèi)圈外的不公平指責(zé)。世人戴著性別的有色眼鏡看她(was viewed through the lens of gender politics)，但這也僅僅是一種態(tài)度罷了，還沒到指責(zé)、責(zé)難的地步。所以B的說(shuō)法不能算對(duì)。
C說(shuō)是人們對(duì)女性科學(xué)家的固有態(tài)度。文中第二段從But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me這句開始，講述了作者面對(duì)世人成見時(shí)如何挺身而出、為女性仗義執(zhí)言。這也就是C所表達(dá)的意思。
D說(shuō)是對(duì)自然與培育的廣泛誤解。根據(jù)第二段，nature versus nurture的問(wèn)題是作者與人爭(zhēng)論的話題之一，是諸多對(duì)女性的成見之一，文中具體舉出的例子就另有l(wèi)eft brain versus right brain。而作者要斗爭(zhēng)的是所有遭受的成見，D所說(shuō)的這其中一種成見不可能是題目所說(shuō)的整個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)一直都要斗爭(zhēng)的對(duì)象。
65. D
題干問(wèn)作者談到她的班級(jí)時(shí)為何流露出滿意之情。
與題目相關(guān)的原文是這樣的：Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45，漢譯為：我現(xiàn)在在紐約一所女子大學(xué)Barnard做研究和教書，最近有人問(wèn)我，我的班級(jí)里45名學(xué)生中有多少個(gè)女生。你想象不到我能夠回答“45個(gè)”時(shí)的滿意之情。
從前文的敘述可以知道，作者一直需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題是在男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域女性太少的問(wèn)題。19歲時(shí)，她是班里唯一的女生(the only woman in the classroom)，做研究后，人們總是問(wèn)她在一個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域里工作的情形(the only woman in the classroom work in a field dominated by men)。可見，在作者研究的領(lǐng)域里，女生是很少的，而現(xiàn)在班里45人全部是女生，作者很有可能是為在自己研究的領(lǐng)域里出現(xiàn)了這么多的女性而感到滿意。在這里作者使用了Be able to answer而不直接用answer，暗含以前是不可能說(shuō)出這樣的數(shù)字的。這個(gè)詞組的選用也暗示了作者是在為數(shù)字的由少到多而滿意。
A，女生不再為性別問(wèn)題而煩惱。最后一段有一句話：I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，意思是作者知道有些學(xué)生還是為科研與家庭之間如何平衡而憂慮。這一敘述與A不符。
B，她的學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)使她重拾信心。文中沒有提到她的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)如何。
C，她的女學(xué)生能與男學(xué)生做得一樣好。文中沒有類似的敘述。
D，追求科學(xué)研究的女生比以前多了。這一描述符合上文的分析。
66. C
題目問(wèn)作者展示給學(xué)生們的圖景意味著什么。
文章的最后一段講到了作者曾給學(xué)生展示過(guò)一個(gè)懷孕教師堅(jiān)持做物理試驗(yàn)的圖景。相關(guān)原文是：I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments，身懷六甲的物理教授依然在做物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。而這一行為的前因后果在第四段中也描述得很清楚。在這句話之前，作者給出了原因： I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，一些學(xué)生擔(dān)心不能很好地處理科研與生育孩子之間的平衡。作者為了消除學(xué)生們的擔(dān)憂，便展示了這個(gè)圖景。而在這句話之后，作者給出了結(jié)果：in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science，45個(gè)學(xué)生完全投入到科學(xué)之愛中。從這些前因后果可以看出，作者之所以展示這一圖景，就是為了打消學(xué)生對(duì)于生育孩子會(huì)否影響科學(xué)研究的憂慮。
A，女生們無(wú)須為教授的懷孕擔(dān)憂。這一圖景的直接信號(hào)是要告訴女生們無(wú)須為教授擔(dān)心，而傳達(dá)的意義則是無(wú)須為她們自己生育孩子擔(dān)心，而題目問(wèn)的是“意味”著什么，因此A的說(shuō)法不對(duì)。
B，女性在通往學(xué)術(shù)成功的道路上會(huì)遇到更多的障礙。教授展示此圖景的目的就是為了告訴學(xué)生們懷孕并不會(huì)對(duì)科研造成什么障礙，所以B不對(duì)。
C，女性可以在科研和擁有家庭之間很好地平衡。符合前面的分析。
D，現(xiàn)在的女性在追求科研生涯時(shí)遇到的問(wèn)題較以前少。應(yīng)該說(shuō)懷孕問(wèn)題確實(shí)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，只是作者的觀點(diǎn)在于不把這一問(wèn)題看做是障礙而已。D的說(shuō)法不對(duì)。
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