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最新考研英語語法詳解

時間:2021-03-03 12:21:52 考研英語 我要投稿

2017最新考研英語語法詳解

  掌握英語語法,可以更好的分析英語句子,了解其結構,找到其規(guī)律。語法還是比較簡單的,是比較容易學的。語法是隨著語言的誕生而誕生的。學習語法和學習語言是相輔相成的。

2017最新考研英語語法詳解

  一、動詞不定式作定語

  不定式短語作定語時,一般放在被修飾的詞之后,有些名詞的后面常用不定式作定語。常見的有:ability能力,agreement一致,協(xié)議,ambition抱負、野心,anxiety焦急,attempt試圖,campaign戰(zhàn)役,chance機會,claim聲稱,courage勇氣,decision決定,determination決心,drive努力,eagerness殷切的心情,effort努力,failure失敗,hope希望,intention目的意圖,motive force動力,movement運動、協(xié)議,need需要,opportunity機會,plan計劃,promise諾言,readiness樂意,refusal拒絕,reluctance勉強不愿,resolution決心,tendency傾向,right權力,struggle斗爭,threat威脅,time時候,way方法,willingness愿意,wish希望。

  與這些詞相對應的形容詞或動詞常接動詞不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

  作定語時不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

  There is not any one to save him. 沒有任何能救他的人。

  He needs love to strengthen his broken heart. 他需要愛來給他那破碎的心以力量。

  I need to buy a box to hold my CDs. 我需要買個裝CD片的盒子。

  This visit is a good opportunity to learn Chinese. 這次訪問是學習中文的好機會。

  Not to speak much is the best way to avoid trouble. 不多言是避免麻煩的最好辦法。

  Have you got a key to unlock this door? 你有開這個門的.鑰匙嗎?

  He needs a place to live in. 他需要有個住的地方。

  This is not a pen to write with but to draw with. 這不是寫字而是畫畫用的筆。

  I have not a friend to talk with. 我沒有能談心的朋友。

  作定語時,也可以給不定式加上主語。例如:

  The order for the army to start has been given. 已經發(fā)出了讓部隊開始的命令。

  The power for science to serve mankind is limitless. 科學為人類服務的力量是無窮的。

  The letter for you to answer is placed on your desk.. 要你回的那封信放在你辦公桌上。

  二、作表語,放在系動詞之后

  例如:

  To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich. 賭博就是自殺,而不是致富。

  To criticize others is to make enemies. 批評別人就是樹敵。

  Perhaps the most popular way of relaxing is to participate in sports. 也許最受歡迎的放松方式就是參加體育活動。

  These apples are for the guests to eat. 這些蘋果是給客人們吃的。

  My hope is for all members to come together once a year. 我的希望是所有成員每年聚會一次。

  My advice is for you to apologize to her. 我的建議是你向她道歉。

  To see her is to love her. 見到她就會愛上她。

  三、不定式短語和疑問詞連用

 。╳ho, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,還包括whether)

  (1)做主語。

  例如:

  Who to turn to is what she wants to know. 找誰幫忙是她想知道的。

  It’s problem what to do. 干什么還是個問題。

  How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark. 怎樣才能富有,健康和幸福將永遠是個問號。

 。2)做表語。例如:

  The question is which to take first. 問題是先拿哪一個。

  What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek. 剩下需要你解釋的是怎樣實施計劃以及尋求誰的幫助。

  The question is which of the methods to adopt. 問題是采取這些方法中的哪一個。

 。3)作賓語,常用這一結構作賓語的動詞有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

  I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)了在哪里買這些東西便宜。

  I can’t tell what to do. 我說不好怎么辦。

  You know very well when to say what and how to say it. 你很清楚什么時候說什么話以及怎樣說。

  He can’t decide what time to leave or whether to leave at all.他不能決定何時離開或者到底是否離開。

  有些雙賓語及物動詞,也可用這個結構做直接賓語。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如:

  I showed her how to use the remote control. 我向她演示怎樣使用遙控器。

  Will you advise me which to buy? 你建議我買哪個?

  Please inform me where to get the tickets. 請告訴我到哪里去弄票。

 。4)做定語。例句:

  I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with). 我必須找支鋼筆填表用。

  He offered me some hot coffee with which to refresh me spirit (=to refresh me spirit with). 他給我提供了點熱咖啡提提神。

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