考試英語(yǔ)記敘文作文指導(dǎo)
下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編給大家整理的考試英語(yǔ)記敘文作文指導(dǎo)，歡迎閱讀。
【文體簡(jiǎn)介】
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷或事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程為主的一種文體 ，是寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練中最普遍、最基本的一種文體。記敘文一般可分為兩類:一是對(duì)事件進(jìn)行寫(xiě)實(shí)性敘述的事實(shí)記敘，如新聞報(bào)道、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、人物生平、訪問(wèn)、游記等;二是虛構(gòu)性記敘，如科幻小說(shuō)、故事等。
記敘文要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所給情景，組織語(yǔ)言材料，編寫(xiě)成文。一般說(shuō)來(lái)記敘文有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要表達(dá)清楚。記人時(shí)，要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等;敘事時(shí)要描寫(xiě)事情發(fā)生和發(fā)展的過(guò)程及前因后果等。
【重點(diǎn)詮釋】
考生在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，要盡量避免逐條翻譯以及過(guò)于平鋪直敘。在每一幅圖畫(huà)描述的過(guò)程中，可以在緊扣文章的基礎(chǔ)上，增加適當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)揮和議論。圖畫(huà)作文若想得到高分，一定要讓閱卷人看到文章的時(shí)候。有一種身臨其境，饒有興趣的感覺(jué)。
還要注意表達(dá)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)時(shí)要使用豐富多樣的表達(dá)方式。包括詞匯多樣、句法多樣，段落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣。以上是本題獲得高分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵。
【寫(xiě)作點(diǎn)撥】
敘事類記敘文以敘述事件為主，突出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展和解決的過(guò)程。在寫(xiě)這類記敘文時(shí)要做到：
1. 重組材料，確定要點(diǎn)。敘事類記敘文寫(xiě)作前要進(jìn)行立意、構(gòu)思和選材等一系列過(guò)程，高考中的書(shū)面表達(dá)一般為控制性寫(xiě)作,通常會(huì)提供短文的主題和寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容,考生要 對(duì)提供的材料進(jìn)行再加工,確定寫(xiě)作的順序、要點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn),擬定使用的.句型和詞組。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)完整、前后呼應(yīng)。寫(xiě)記敘文必須有頭有尾，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，記敘時(shí)要把與一件事有關(guān)的六要素都交代清楚。文章的主題和內(nèi)容要一致，文章的結(jié)尾與開(kāi)頭要呼應(yīng)。
3. 人稱統(tǒng)一、線索明確。記敘文可用“你、我、他”三種人稱，但如果題目要求你使用某種人稱，則必須遵循要求;敘事類記敘文一般按照事件發(fā)展的前后順序進(jìn)行敘述。
【常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
1. 要點(diǎn)不全。要點(diǎn)是否齊全通常決定文章的檔次。書(shū)面表達(dá)要上檔次，要點(diǎn)齊全是關(guān)鍵。要點(diǎn)提示類書(shū)面表達(dá)一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問(wèn)題，看圖作文則常會(huì)由于學(xué)生觀察不細(xì)心等原因遺漏要點(diǎn)。
2. 線索不清。有些短文條理混亂，主要原因是沒(méi)有確定好寫(xiě)作線索。敘事類文章一般按時(shí)間順序來(lái)寫(xiě)。
3. 時(shí)態(tài)不明。敘事時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)混亂是學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一。敘事類記敘文所記的一般是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，原則上用過(guò)去時(shí)，有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
4. 主次不分。有些同學(xué)寫(xiě)作時(shí)平均用力，面面俱到，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西主題不突出，顯得呆板乏味。
【寫(xiě)作模式】
敘文按照“開(kāi)端一發(fā)展一高潮一結(jié)局”的順序進(jìn)行敘述。文章的開(kāi)頭，通常要交代事件發(fā)展的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、有關(guān)人物間的相互關(guān)系等內(nèi)容，幫助讀者理解事件的本身。但為了避免寫(xiě)文章時(shí)漫無(wú)目的，同時(shí)也為了使讀者對(duì)作者意圖更加明了，我們通常有必要在文章開(kāi)頭給出全文的主題。
比如:
(1)He is a great person in history.
(2 )Last Sunday，I took the G R E.It was the longest test I had ever taken.
(3 )My middle school years were the best part of my life.
【佳作賞析】
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的要點(diǎn)敘述一次看馬戲的經(jīng)歷。
1. 期中考試后放了三天假，我看了一場(chǎng)馬戲。
2.表演非常精彩。有小狗表演，獨(dú)輪車(chē)表演等。最刺激的節(jié)目是走鋼絲。一個(gè)男演員手里拿著一根平衡杠，頭上坐著一個(gè)女孩，肩上的鋼杠上還挑著兩個(gè)女孩。當(dāng)他小心翼翼走過(guò)鋼絲的時(shí)候，觀眾報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。
3. 馬戲是一種力與美結(jié)合的藝術(shù)。通過(guò)這次表演，我體會(huì)到了中國(guó)馬戲藝術(shù)的博大精深。
參考詞匯：馬戲表演circus show 刺激的thrilling 鋼絲tightrope 平衡桿balancing pole 鋼桿steel bar
<范文>
Watching a circus show
I had a three-day holiday after the mid-term examination, so I decided to relax myself by watching a circus show.
A girl appeared on the stage. She rode a one-wheel bike on a small table with a lot of flowers on it. She didn’t knock down even one flower. Some little dogs also did a good job. The four little dogs did some amusing tricks and one of them could calculate the number! How clever they were!
The most thrilling program was to see a young man walking on a tightrope. He stood on the very thin rope with a balancing pole on his hands. On his head sat a little girl. Another two girls sat on the ends of a steel bar on his shoulder. The young man took his first step with great care. The rope held. One step! Two, three.... Every viewer held his breath. All the people were anxious about his safety, because the young actor didn’t fasten a safety belt. Any little carelessness could cost his life! At last he succeeded in walking across the 8-meter-long tightrope.
The performance lasted about two hours. I had a good time at the show.
The circus is the art of combination of strength and beauty. The Chinese circus is so cool!
<點(diǎn)評(píng)>
小作者敘述了一次看馬戲的經(jīng)歷。文章以時(shí)間為線索，敘述清楚，詳略得當(dāng)，層次分明，描寫(xiě)生動(dòng)，過(guò)渡自然，顯示了作者相當(dāng)扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底。在文章最后，小作者還談了自己的感想，深化了主題。難能可貴的是小作者使用了較多的高級(jí) 表達(dá)方式，使文章增彩不少。如：復(fù)合形容詞(onewheel, 8-meter-long)，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with a balancing pole on his hands)，倒裝句(On his head sat a little girl)，感嘆句(How clever they were!)等。
【鞏固訓(xùn)練】
根據(jù)提示的情景，用英文寫(xiě)一篇80-100詞的短文。不必根據(jù)中文逐字逐句翻譯。
我們的學(xué)校歷史悠久。畢業(yè)學(xué)生中不少已成為各自領(lǐng)域中的專家。近年來(lái)，我們的學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化。我們?yōu)樽约旱膶W(xué)校感到自豪。
【學(xué)生實(shí)作】
Our school has a long history. It is told that it dated from one hundred years ago. From it was founded on, there were more and more students in it. And the former students all did well in their studying. Some of them are outstanding. Because of their good studies and hard work, many of the schoolleavers have become experts in different fields. These years our school has changed great, it becomes more and more beautiful. Besides, the teachers' teaching methods are more advanced than before. At the same time, the students study very hard, and we are determined to make great contribution to our school.
We like our school very much! We are proud of it!
【評(píng)析】
1. 第2句：is told 應(yīng)為is said。(以下錯(cuò)誤均在第一段)
2. 第2句：dated應(yīng)改為dates。
3. 第3句：from...on不能表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間一直到現(xiàn)在的情況，因此這里用since較好。另外，from...on中間應(yīng)是名詞，而不能是從句。
4. 第3句：主句中應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示從過(guò)去一直到現(xiàn)在的情況。把there were改為there have been。
5. 第4句：studying最好改為studies，指"學(xué)業(yè)"。
6. 第5句：本句應(yīng)是說(shuō)以前的學(xué)生的情況，are應(yīng)改為were。
7. 第7句：great應(yīng)改為greatly。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞形式。
8. 第7句：our school has changed greatly是一個(gè)完整的句子，其后也是一個(gè)完整的句子，而兩個(gè)完整的句子沒(méi)有連詞時(shí)是不能并列的。最好中間用句號(hào)，使各自獨(dú)立成句。
9. 第9句：study改為are studying更為生動(dòng)。
10. 第9句：very hard最好改為even harder，以對(duì)應(yīng)前面的比較級(jí)。
【總評(píng)】
優(yōu)點(diǎn) ：
1. 基本寫(xiě)出了題目要求的幾方面的內(nèi)容。
2. 這是一篇半開(kāi)放的寫(xiě)作。習(xí)作者適當(dāng)?shù)卦鲅a(bǔ)細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了展開(kāi)，使內(nèi)容較為全面、豐富。
3. 語(yǔ)句表達(dá)較為連貫。
不足：
1. 有一處句與句之間沒(méi)有連詞連接的情況，這是不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的。
2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有幾處運(yùn)用不當(dāng)。
【修改之后】
Our school has a long history. It is said that it dates from one hundred years ago. Since it was founded, there have been more and more students in it. And the former students all did well in their studi es. Some of them were outstanding. Because of their good studies and hard work, many of the schoolleavers have become experts in different fields. These years our school has changed greatly. It becomes more and more beautiful. Besides, the teachers' teaching methods are more advanced than before. At the same time, the students are studying even harder, and we are determined to make great contribution to our school.
We like our school very much! We are proud of it!
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