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2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題
2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已成為一種時(shí)尚
2.網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多好處，但也有不少問(wèn)題
3.我的建議
Online Shopping
注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.
British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New
British cuisine (烹飪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (廚師) combine the best of old and new.
Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.
"The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.
"It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.
There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配給).
"As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."
They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.
Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹飪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.
With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."
Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restau rants are modifying the recipes (菜譜) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.
Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."
Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."
These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原產(chǎn)地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."
However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.
"We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."
The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is avail able in the local markets.
"We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are pre sented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."
Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.
Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.
At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.
This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉館),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."
Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。
1. What is British food generally known for?
A) Its unique flavour. C) Its special cooking methods.
B) Its bad taste. D) Its organic ingredients.
2. The Second World War led to________ in Britain.
A) an inadequate supply of food C) an increase in food import
B) a decrease of grain production D) a change in people's eating habits
3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?
A) Its food lacked variety. C) It was short of well-trained chefs.
B) Its people cared more for quantity. D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.
4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of .
A) most young people C) all kinds of overseas visitors
B) elderly British diners D) upper-class customers
5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?
A) Authentic classic cuisine. C) New ideas and presentations.
B) Locally produced ingredients. D) The return of home-style dishes.
6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should________ .
A) benefit people's health C) be offered at reasonable prices
B) look beautiful and inviting D) maintain British traditional tastes
7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?
A) They appeal to people from all over the world.
B) They are produced on excellent organic farms.
C) They are processed in a scientific way.
D) They come in a great variety.
8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _______.
9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______.
10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to _______.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each ques tion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
11. A) He is careless about his appearance.
B) He is ashamed of his present condition.
C) He changes jobs frequently.
D) He shaves every other day.
12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.
B) Jane should have started a little earlier.
C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.
D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.
13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.
B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.
C) Collecting information about baseball games.
D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.
14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.
B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.
C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.
D) He has been having a hard time.
15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.
B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.
C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.
D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.
16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.
B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.
C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.
D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.
17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.
B) Jill missed her class last week. D) She is in the same class as the man.
18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.
B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. C) Pain and pleasure in sports.
B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. D) A sport he participates in.
20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.
B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.
C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.
D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
21. A) New ideas come up as you write.
B) Much time is spent on collecting data.
C) A lot of effort is made in vain.
D) The writer's point of view often changes.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.
B) Director of evening radio programs.
C) Producer of television commercials.
D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".
23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.
B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.
C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.
D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.
24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.
B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.
C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.
D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.
25. A) The restaurant location. C) The food variety.
B) The restaurant atmosphere. D) The food price.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children. B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.
C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it.
27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.
B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.
C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.
D) It can permanently change the eye structure.
28. A) It can never be done even with high technology.
B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.
C)It is a major achievement in eye surgery.
D) It can only be partly accomplished now.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.
B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.
C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.
D) They have jobs and other commitments.
30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.
B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.
C) They would like to spend more time with them.
D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.
31. A) Provide professional standard care. C) Be frank and seek help from others.
B) Be affectionate and cooperative. D) Make full use of community facilities.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.
B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.
C) Common complaints made by office workers.
D) Conflicts between labor and management.
33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.
B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.
C) Follow government regulations strictly.
D) Provide extra health compensation.
34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.
B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.
C) They sought help from union representatives.
D) They wanted to work shorter hours.
35. A) To show how they love winter sports.
B) To attract the attention from the media.
C) To protest against the poor working conditions.
D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航員) someday may (36) _____ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____.
Although no form of matter yet (39) _____ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____ this in 1905, when he (43) _____ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) ____________________________________.
An obsession (沉迷) with time – saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it – (45) ____________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) ____________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.
Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理醫(yī)生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.
“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整塊時(shí)間) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
“It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
|
A) alert |
I) formally |
|
B) associated |
J) function |
|
C) attracting |
K) mixed |
|
D) cling |
L) negative |
|
E) continuing |
M) sufficient |
|
F) definitely |
N) tend |
|
G) different |
O) younger |
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機(jī)地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
57. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.
B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.
C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.
D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
59. What does the Indiana University study show?
A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.
D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A) Students of different races are required to share a room.
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良)and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受傷害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)."
However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.
62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.
B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.
D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.
63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?
A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.
B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.
C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.
D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.
64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?
A) Its statistics look embarrassing. C) It deserves our closest attention.
B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.
65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?
A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.
B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.
C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.
D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.
B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.
C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.
D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
When it comes to eating smart for your heart, thinking about short-term fixes and simplify life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.
Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite ad you lift __67__ your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that __68__ amounts of individual nutrients (營(yíng)養(yǎng)物) were the __69__ to good health," Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a __70__ understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to __71__ not only heart disease but disease __72__ general," she adds.
Scientists now __73__ on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten __74__ several days or a week __75__ than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that __76__ at each meal.
Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds __77__ for good health. “The more we learn, the more __78__ we are by the wealth of essential substances they __79__," Van Horn continues, "and how they __80__ with each other to keep us healthy."
You'll automatically be __81__ the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make __82__ three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. __83__ in the remaining one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.
The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to __84__ clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a __85__, each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big __86__ on your health in the years to come.
67. A) between B) through C) inside D)to
68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate
69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center
70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural
71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend
72. A) in B) upon C)for D)by
73. A) turn B)put C) focus D) carry
74. A) over B) along C) with D)beyond
75. A) other B) better C) rather D)sooner
76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted
77 A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical
78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused
79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain
80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest
81. A) at B)of C) on D) within
82. A) out B) into C) off D) up
83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack
84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil
85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt
86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitment
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答，只需寫(xiě)出譯文部分。
87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _____________________ (也沒(méi)有解釋為什么).
88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _____________________ (能被分配做另一項(xiàng)工作).
89. John rescued the drowning child _____________________ (冒著自己生命危險(xiǎn)).
90. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接電話(huà)的卻是他的助手).
91. Although he was interested in philosophy, _____________________ (他的父親說(shuō)服他) majoring in law.
2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題參考答案
快速閱讀：
B.A.B.C.C.D.B
local markets
in a British way
share their meals
選詞填空：
N.L.H.B.A
J.F.O.E.G
傳統(tǒng)閱讀：
D.D.A.D.A
B.A.B.D.D
說(shuō)明：
1.
題干中的藍(lán)色字為此道題目定位的信號(hào)詞
2.
文章中的藍(lán)色字為題干中信號(hào)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的定位點(diǎn)
3.
文章中下劃線(xiàn)句子為題目答案所在句。
4.
選項(xiàng)中紅色字為該選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤所在。
5.
具體6大類(lèi)常見(jiàn)干擾項(xiàng)在題目中簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)體現(xiàn)如下：
無(wú)中生有——無(wú)
推斷過(guò)度——推
移花接木——移
答非所問(wèn)——答
片面膚淺——片
自相矛盾——自
請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)有所參照。
PASSAGE ONE
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機(jī)地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor - said that “if you’re surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race.” she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
“One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley.” This is the definition of integration.”
“I’ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor(RA).The RA of two years added that while some conflicts” provided more multicultural acceptance and melding(融合),” there were also “jarring cultural confrontations.”
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
57. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A) Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. 推
B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. 無(wú)
C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good. 無(wú)
D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
答案：D。可能會(huì)有同學(xué)錯(cuò)選A。不過(guò)A里面的unavoidable(不可避免的)是推斷過(guò)度，原文只是說(shuō)會(huì)有很多的矛盾，但并不像A說(shuō)的那么絕對(duì)，是不可避免的。B里面的彼此有偏見(jiàn)是無(wú)中生有的信息，比較明顯，第一段并未說(shuō)。C里面說(shuō)跨種族的住宿弊大于利，無(wú)中生有，原文第一段結(jié)尾只是說(shuō)有利有弊，但沒(méi)有比較，所以C也犯了我講過(guò)的比較級(jí)原則。D是對(duì)第一段最后劃線(xiàn)句子的統(tǒng)一表達(dá)，有利有弊，就是D里面說(shuō)的“有各種各樣的結(jié)果”，因?yàn)榭赡芎�，也可能不好�?br /> 總結(jié)：此題難度2顆星，A算個(gè)迷惑項(xiàng)吧。
58. What does Sam Boakye’s remark mean?
A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers. 無(wú)
B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically. 無(wú)
C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year. 無(wú)
D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
答案：D。這是一道句子推斷題。不過(guò)和以前的句子推斷題不同的是它沒(méi)有直接寫(xiě)出他所說(shuō)的話(huà)，但這也不難，因?yàn)橛盟拿侄ㄎ贿�是很容易的。這話(huà)的原句是“當(dāng)你身邊都是白人的時(shí)候，你需要證明一些事情”。這是第一種正常句子，體會(huì)言外之意情況。文章讀到這里，大家一般都能看出來(lái)這句話(huà)的言外之意是D，身處白人中的黑人被激勵(lì)去更努力的工作去證明自己并不差，給自己的種族爭(zhēng)臉，這點(diǎn)從前一段我劃線(xiàn)的句子也能看出。A說(shuō)的白人學(xué)生歧視黑人學(xué)生為無(wú)中生有，原文沒(méi)有提及任何歧視的事兒。B有一定迷惑性，有點(diǎn)像是我劃線(xiàn)句子的同義表達(dá)，但劃線(xiàn)句中的比較級(jí)并不是黑人和白人比，而是身處白人中的黑人和普通黑人比，他們學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)要更高，大家不要理解錯(cuò)了。C所說(shuō)的尷尬，無(wú)中生有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度2顆星，B選項(xiàng)略有迷惑性。
59. What does the Indiana University study show?
A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. 無(wú)
C) Roommates of different races just don’t get along. 無(wú)，推
D) Assigning students’ lodging randomly is not a good policy. 無(wú)
答案：A。此題定位容易，賓語(yǔ)從句的精確意思不用去考慮，只要大家根據(jù)已知單詞看出來(lái)跨種族的比同種族的更容易不住在一起就行，這個(gè)大致意思相信很多人都能看出來(lái)，你那答案就是A。可能有很多同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí)fall out這個(gè)詞組，沒(méi)關(guān)系，BCD錯(cuò)的比較明顯，B說(shuō)沒(méi)幾個(gè)白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人學(xué)生同處一室，無(wú)中生有。C說(shuō)的不同種族的室友就是無(wú)法相處也是推斷過(guò)度的，因?yàn)樵闹皇钦f(shuō)他們更容易散了，不能說(shuō)就是無(wú)法相處。D設(shè)計(jì)到政策這事兒，根本的無(wú)中生有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度2顆星，A里面的詞組可能會(huì)對(duì)選擇造成影響。
60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?
A) Students of different races are required to share a room. 自
B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. 自
C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. 自
D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
答案：D。這道題問(wèn)“融合的定義”，即使不認(rèn)識(shí)integration這個(gè)詞，沒(méi)關(guān)系，原文原詞重現(xiàn)，去前面找就行。D是原文下劃線(xiàn)句子的同義表達(dá)。A說(shuō)“被要求”是自相矛盾的，因?yàn)樵恼f(shuō)是隨機(jī)安排的。D也是自相矛盾，原因和A一樣。D說(shuō)的“沒(méi)有例外”，是和原文的“有個(gè)別例外”矛盾。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度一顆星，沒(méi)啥難度基本，可能個(gè)別詞匯吧，多背單詞吧孩子們。
61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. 無(wú)
C) Students’ racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. 無(wú)
D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
答案：A。generalization這個(gè)詞其實(shí)很地道，很難的，建議大家可以去查查英英字典，看看例句，你就懂了，不過(guò)這個(gè)詞不認(rèn)識(shí)沒(méi)關(guān)系，照抄原文原詞，A是最后一段劃線(xiàn)句的同義表達(dá)。B說(shuō)到了學(xué)校應(yīng)該怎么做，無(wú)中生有。C說(shuō)的在分配房間前該考慮學(xué)生種族背景，無(wú)中生有，最后一段說(shuō)的背景要進(jìn)一步研究和調(diào)查，和分房子沒(méi)關(guān)，而和generalization有染。D的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的住宿顧問(wèn)為無(wú)中生有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度3顆星，劃線(xiàn)句子有點(diǎn)難理解。
PASSAGE TWO
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良)and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielker Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment ” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受傷害的)regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said , “ will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed(有瑕疵的).”
However, Soren Andresen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.
62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?
A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. 無(wú)
B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.
C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. 無(wú)
D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. 無(wú)
答案：B，它為原文第二段劃線(xiàn)句子的同義表達(dá)。A把全球溫度和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展扯上了，兩者原文根本沒(méi)任何關(guān)系，無(wú)中生有。同樣的道理，D把經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人口和自然災(zāi)害扯上了。C說(shuō)的貧窮國(guó)家，原文沒(méi)有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度2顆星。
63. What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?
A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.
B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. 自
C) It was warmly received by environmentalists. 自
D) It caused a big stir in developing countries. 無(wú)
答案：A，從第三段和第五段可以看出來(lái)，有人質(zhì)疑它，批評(píng)它。BC中的“興趣”和“受歡迎”都是自相矛盾。D中的big stir不認(rèn)識(shí)也沒(méi)關(guān)系，因?yàn)?ldquo;發(fā)展中國(guó)家”已經(jīng)決定它錯(cuò)了，無(wú)中生有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度2顆星，定位略難。
64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?
A) Its statistics look embarrassing. 無(wú)
B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.
C) It deserves our closest attention. 移
D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. 無(wú)
答案：C，原文下劃線(xiàn)句子同義表達(dá)，說(shuō)方法上有問(wèn)題。A中的詞我講過(guò)，叫統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，無(wú)中生有。C是移花接木，因?yàn)樵恼f(shuō)的是氣候變化值得我們關(guān)注，而不是題干說(shuō)的報(bào)告值得我們關(guān)注。D中的結(jié)論被故意的夸大，無(wú)中生有。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度3顆星，B中的invalid可能很多人不認(rèn)識(shí)，C還是高迷惑項(xiàng)，沒(méi)看準(zhǔn)特容易選。
65. What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?
A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. 自
B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. 無(wú)，答
C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. 無(wú)
D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.
答案：D，原文劃線(xiàn)句的統(tǒng)一歸納及略微的推斷。A自相矛盾，原文說(shuō)這是大致的數(shù)字。B本身對(duì)，但在這段沒(méi)體現(xiàn)，也不是這個(gè)人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人是挺這個(gè)報(bào)告的。C里有個(gè)詞組叫g(shù)ive rise to，引起的意思，可能很多同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí)，但熱烈的討論有點(diǎn)從原文看不出來(lái)，但C是個(gè)高迷惑項(xiàng)。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度3顆星，C的詞組和D的推斷略難。
66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?
A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. 無(wú)
B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. 無(wú)
C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. 無(wú)
D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.
答案：D，原文就是說(shuō)富國(guó)如何幫助窮國(guó)減少氣候的影響。A說(shuō)的分擔(dān)責(zé)任，無(wú)中生有。B說(shuō)的“減少”，絕對(duì)的無(wú)中生有。C說(shuō)的信息也是無(wú)中生有。D很明顯。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題難度2顆星。
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