Author paraphrased

　　McCullough (2009) described John Adams’s hands as those of someone used to manual labor.

　　According to McCullough (2009), John Adams’s hands were those of a laborer.

　　One biographer (McCullough, 2009) described John Adams as someone who was not a stranger to manual labor.

　　John Adams’s hands were those of a laborer (McCullough, 2009).

　　Two authors

　　Carlson and Ventura (2012) wanted to introduce Julio Contazar and other Latin American writers to an audience of English-speaking adolescents.

　　Some argue that there is a considerable research to be done on this issue (Peter & Hull, 2010).

　　Three or more authors

　　Carlson, Silva and Ventura (2012) wanted to introduce Julio Contazar and other Latin American writers to an audience of English-speaking adolescents.

　　Carlson et al. (2012) wanted to introduce Julio Contazar and other Latin American writers to an audience of English-speaking adolescents.

　　Some argue that there is a considerable research to be done on this issue (Peter, Atkinson, & Hull, 2013).

　　Author unknown

　　A powerful editorial asserted that healthy liver donor Mike Hurewitz died because of his doctor’s neglect (“Every Patient’s Nightmare,” 2009)

　　Two or more works cited together

　　Many researchers have argued that what counts as “literacy” www.51lunwen.com/lwckwxgs/ is not necessarily learned at school (Heath, 2011; Moss, 2010).

　　Source quoted in another source

　　During the meeting with the psychologist, the patient stated repeatedly that he “didn’t want to be too paranoid” (as cited in Oberfield & Yasik, 2004).

　　Personal communication

　　J. Strauss (personal communication, March 16, 2013) discussed his research in genetics.

　　The author and editors seriously considered alternative ways of demonstrating documentation styles (F. Weinberg, personal communication, November 14, 2011).

　　Organization as Author

　　According to a report issued by the Inter-American Association for Environmental Defense (2008), ….

　　Public service announcements were used to inform patients of these findings (National Institute of Health (NIMH), 2010).

　　In subsequent citations, only the abbreviation and date are needed: (NIMH, 2010).